Africa: Mpox global public health emergency

What is Mpox?

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared Mpox to be a public health emergency of international concern on 14 August 2024.

Mpox (previously called monkeypox) is a rare infectious disease caused by the Mpox virus. It’s related to the virus that causes smallpox.

Mpox is mostly found in tropical rainforest areas of Central and West Africa. Cases outside these areas are usually linked to travellers who visit that region and spread the infection when they return home. Since May 2022, there’s been an increased spread of Mpox in many countries globally.

The Australian Government is aware of clusters of cases of Mpox in Australia. The National Incident Centre continues to monitor the Mpox situation domestically and internationally.

Who can get Mpox?

Anyone can get Mpox. It spreads through:

close contact with rashes, blisters or sores on the skin
body fluids, including respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing
contaminated objects such as linen and towels.

What to look out for

The symptoms of Mpox may take several weeks to appear. They are:

a distinctive rash, lesions (bumps that turn into pimples, blisters or sores, and may burst to form ulcers or scabs)
swollen lymph nodes
fever
headache
muscle aches
joint pain
back pain
chills
low energy.

How to reduce your risk of getting Mpox

Before you travel

Research the health risks in your destination before you go. Read the Health section in our travel advice for where you’re going.

Ask your doctor about vaccination against smallpox, which can also protect you against the Mpox virus.

While you’re away

Use a condom when having sexual contact.
Avoid physical contact with an infected person and their objects such as tissues, linens or towels. Clean and disinfect any contaminated surfaces.
Practice good hand hygiene.
If you’re caring for someone with Mpox, use protective equipment such as gloves, facemasks, eye protection and disposable gowns.
Cover your nose and mouth when you cough or sneeze. Keep your distance from people who are coughing or sneezing.
Avoid contact with wild animals or any animals that may carry the Mpox virus if you’re travelling to Central or West Africa. Avoid handling or eating bush meat (wild game).

Talk to a doctor if you feel unwell while away.

If you feel unwell while travelling back to Australia, tell a crew member or airport staff.

If you get symptoms after returning to Australia, see your doctor. Make sure to tell them your recent travel history or possible exposure to Mpox.

Source: Austrian government